Consecutive interpretation is used during press conferences or small meetings, presentations, conventions, seminars and refresher courses, usually in the presence of a single speaker who speaks in a language other than that used in the conference. Consecutive is often combined with chuchotage interpreting. Positioned next to the speaker, the interpreter notes down the content of the speech and then translates it into the target language using the notes taken. The standard working day covered by the daily rate is 7 hours.